An authorized representative of the waste generator, processor, or collector shall certify by signing and dating the shipment manifest that the transported materials are properly classified, described, packaged, marked, and labeled and are in proper condition for transportation according to the applicable regulations of the Department of Transportation and the Commission. 20.1203. If you have questions or comments regarding a published document please For waste consigned to a disposal facility, the maximum radiation level at the surface of each disposal container; 6. (3) Supplement existing requirements concerning transfers and recordkeeping for those wastes. [62 FR 39088, July 21, 1997, as amended at 66 FR 55789, Nov. 2, 2001; 68 FR 19726, Apr. (3) The sum of the calculated committed effective dose equivalents to all significantly irradiated[1] organs or tissues (T) calculated from bioassay data using appropriate biological models and expressed as a fraction of the annual limit. (2) The ratio of the total concentration for all radionuclides in the mixture to the most restrictive DAC value for any radionuclide in the mixture. If sufficient information exists to estimate the approximate energy distribution of the neutrons, the licensee may use the fluence rate per unit dose equivalent or the appropriate Q value from table 1004(b).2 to convert a measured tissue dose in rads to dose equivalent in rems. (a) The licensee shall ensure that each container of licensed material bears a durable, clearly visible label bearing the radiation symbol and the words CAUTION, RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL or DANGER, RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL. The label must also provide sufficient information (such as the radionuclide(s) present, an estimate of the quantity of radioactivity, the date for which the activity is estimated, radiation levels, kinds of materials, and mass enrichment) to permit individuals handling or using the containers, or working in the vicinity of the containers, to take precautions to avoid or minimize exposures. 56 FR 23401, May 21, 1991, unless otherwise noted. Weighting factor wT, for an organ or tissue (T) is the proportion of the risk of stochastic effects resulting from irradiation of that organ or tissue to the total risk of stochastic effects when the whole body is irradiated uniformly. [56 FR 23403, May 21, 1991, as amended at 60 FR 20185, Apr. Airborne radioactivity measurements and DAC values should not be used as the primary means to assess the deep-dose equivalent when the airborne radioactive material includes radionuclides other than noble gases or if the cloud of airborne radioactive material is not relatively uniform. (3) Subject to plant procedures to ensure they are appropriately labeled, as specified at 20.1904 before being removed from the posted area. Figure 20 shows an example from a commercial skin dose estimation system, where the maximum skin dose is indicated as the procedure PSD. Atomic Energy Act of 1954, secs. Symptoms are malaise, anorexia, severe diarrhea, fever, dehydration, and electrolyte imbalance. (c) If it is more convenient to measure the neutron fluence rate than to determine the neutron dose equivalent rate in rems per hour or sieverts per hour, as provided in paragraph (b) of this section, 1 rem (0.01 Sv) of neutron radiation of unknown energies may, for purposes of the regulations in this part, be assumed to result from a total fluence of 25 million neutrons per square centimeter incident upon the body. [56 FR 23396, May 21, 1991, as amended at 60 FR 20185, Apr. Skin and Other Organs Tissue depth of 0.007 centimeter (seven (7) mg/cm2) averaged over an area of one (1) square centimeter. The approximate volume of waste within a container; 9. The curie (Ci) values specified are obtained by converting from the TBq value. An explicit declaration indicating whether the shipper is acting as a waste generator, collector, processor, or a combination of these identifiers for purposes of the manifested shipment; and. The licensee shall maintain the records specified in paragraph (a) of this section on NRC Form 5, in accordance with the instructions for NRC Form 5, or in clear and legible records containing all the information required by NRC Form 5. The licensee should also consider the impact of respirator use on workers' industrial health and safety. 2201), and section 3(b)(2) of the Low-Level Radioactive Waste Policy Amendments Act of 1985 (99 Stat. "Published Edition". . The total weight percentage of chelating agent for any waste containing more than 0.1% chelating agent by weight, plus the identity of the principal chelating agent; 8. A licensee performing processing or decontamination services may be a waste generator if the transfer of low-level radioactive waste from its facility is defined as residual waste.. Note: For purposes of 20.1902(e), 20.1905(a), and 20.2201(a) where there is involved a combination of radionuclides in known amounts, the limit for the combination should be derived as follows: determine, for each radionuclide in the combination, the ratio between the quantity present in the combination and the limit otherwise established for the specific radionuclide when not in combination. The eCFR is displayed with paragraphs split and indented to follow 5841, 5842); Low-Level Radioactive Waste Policy Amendments Act of 1985, sec. Records of dose to individual members of the public. Commission means the Nuclear Regulatory Commission or its duly authorized representatives. Fractionated doses are often used in radiation therapy. 20.1402 Radiological criteria for unrestricted use. (3) A regulation or order issued pursuant to those Acts. (2) Five times the annual dose limits in 20.1201(a) during the individual's lifetime. (Note: The origin of the LLW resulting from a processor's activities may be attributable to one or more generators (including waste generators) as defined in this part). (f) Licensees transferring special form sources in licensee-owned or licensee-operated vehicles to and from a work site are exempt from the contamination monitoring requirements of paragraph (b) of this section, but are not exempt from the survey requirement in paragraph (b) of this section for measuring radiation levels that is required to ensure that the source is still properly lodged in its shield. (a) A licensee may dispose of the following licensed material as if it were not radioactive: (1) 0.05 microcurie (1.85 kBq), or less, of hydrogen-3 or carbon-14 per gram of medium used for liquid scintillation counting; and. The Commission may, by rule, regulation, or order, impose requirements on a licensee, in addition to those established in the regulations in this part, as it deems appropriate or necessary to protect health or to minimize danger to life or property. (d) When calculating TEDE to the average member of the critical group the licensee shall determine the peak annual TEDE dose expected within the first 1000 years after decommissioning. For those radionuclides for which submersion (external dose) is limiting, the occupational DAC in table 1, column 3, was divided by 219. (3) Declared pregnant women likely to receive, during the entire pregnancy, a committed effective dose equivalent in excess of 0.1 rem (1 mSv). Information collection requirements: OMB approval. Mild symptoms may be observed with doses as low as 0.3 Gy or 30 rads. A physical description of the disposal container, including the manufacturer and model of any high integrity container; 3. Accelerator-produced radioactive material means any material made radioactive by a particle accelerator. Waste collector means an entity, operating under a Commission or Agreement State license, whose principal purpose is to collect and consolidate waste generated by others, and to transfer this waste, without processing or repackaging the collected waste, to another licensed waste collector, licensed waste processor, or licensed land disposal facility. If you were exposed to certain types of radiation, your provider may give you a treatment that limits or removes the contamination that is inside your body. (2) Hydrocarbon (condensed) content of 5 milligrams per cubic meter of air or less; (3) Carbon monoxide (CO) content of 10 ppm or less; (4) Carbon dioxide content of 1,000 ppm or less; and. There are Federal Register documents that will modify this content. (d) All licensees, other than those holding an operating license or a combined license for a nuclear power plant, who make reports under paragraph (a) of this section shall submit the report in writing either by mail addressed to the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, ATTN: Document Control Desk, Washington, DC 20555-0001; by hand delivery to the NRC's offices at 11555 Rockville Pike, Rockville, Maryland; or, where practicable, by electronic submission, for example, Electronic Information Exchange, or CD-ROM. Be sure to include time of onset. Destructive and irreparable changes in the GI tract and bone marrow usually cause infection, dehydration, and electrolyte imbalance. The licensee shall submit the report to the REIRS Project Manager by an appropriate method listed in 20.1007 or via the REIRS Web site at http://www.reirs.com. 20.1208 Dose equivalent to an embryo/fetus. Enhanced content is provided to the user to provide additional context. Note that an additional factor of 2 for age considerations is not warranted in the submersion case. Any licensee who transfers waste to a licensed waste processor for waste treatment or repackaging shall comply with the requirements of paragraphs A.4 through 9 of this section. [56 FR 23396, May 21, 1991, as amended at 60 FR 20185, Apr. Medical Management of Radiation Accidents, 2 nd ed., New York : CRC Press, Inc.; 2001. (2) That the individual is not available for planned special exposures. The LD100 is the dose necessary to kill 100% of the exposed population. When the basal cell layer of the skin is damaged by radiation, inflammation, erythema, and dry or moist desquamation can occur. (4) Individuals entering a high or very high radiation area. Subpart D - Radiation Dose Limits for Individual Members of the Public. The symbol prescribed by this part is the three-bladed design: (1) Cross-hatched area is to be magenta, or purple, or black, and. (d) The licensee shall immediately notify the final delivery carrier and the NRC Headquarters Operations Center by telephone at the numbers specified in appendix A to part 73 of this chapter, when -, (1) Removable radioactive surface contamination exceeds the limits of 71.87(i) of this chapter; or. (2) Any legal successor, representative, agent, or agency of the foregoing. (6) The total of the deep-dose equivalent and the committed dose to the organ receiving the highest total dose. (See 20.2102 for recordkeeping requirements relating to these programs.). 56 FR 23404, May 21, 1991, unless otherwise noted. The dose equivalents for the lens of the eye, the skin, and the extremities are not included in the summation, but are subject to separate limits.). (b) The licensee shall retain the records required by paragraph (a)(1) of this section until the Commission terminates each pertinent license requiring the record. However, an APF equal to 10 may be used if the licensee can demonstrate a fit factor of at least 100 by use of a validated or evaluated, qualitative or quantitative fit test. Bethesda , Maryland : NCRP; 2001. Dose equivalent (HT) means the product of the absorbed dose in tissue, quality factor, and all other necessary modifying factors at the location of interest. (2) All other licensees shall make the reports required by paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section by telephone to the NRC Headquarters Operations Center at the numbers specified in appendix A to part 73 of this chapter. (b) A person must be specifically licensed to receive waste containing licensed material from other persons for: (2) Treatment or disposal by incineration; or, (4) Disposal at a land disposal facility licensed under part 61 of this chapter; or. Prepare a new manifest to reflect consolidated shipments that meet the requirements of this appendix. [63 FR 50128, Sept. 21, 1998, as amended at 67 FR 67099, Nov. 4, 2002; 71 FR 65707, Nov. 8, 2006; 72 FR 55922, Oct. 1, 2007; 77 FR 39905, July 6, 2012]. (d) All personnel dosimeters (except for direct and indirect reading pocket ionization chambers and those dosimeters used to measure the dose to the extremities) that require processing to determine the radiation dose and that are used by licensees to comply with 20.1201, with other applicable provisions of this chapter, or with conditions specified in a license must be processed and evaluated by a dosimetry processor -, (1) Holding current personnel dosimetry accreditation from the National Voluntary Laboratory Accreditation Program (NVLAP) of the National Institute of Standards and Technology; and. contact the publishing agency. (3) If more than one radionuclide is released, the following conditions must also be satisfied: (i) The licensee shall determine the fraction of the limit in table 3 of appendix B to part 20 represented by discharges into sanitary sewerage by dividing the actual monthly average concentration of each radionuclide released by the licensee into the sewer by the concentration of that radionuclide listed in table 3 of appendix B to part 20; and, (ii) The sum of the fractions for each radionuclide required by paragraph (a)(3)(i) of this section does not exceed unity; and. The shipper of the radioactive waste shall provide the following information regarding the waste shipment on the uniform manifest: 2. (2) To such a degree that an individual present in the area without respiratory protective equipment could exceed, during the hours an individual is present in a week, an intake of 0.6 percent of the annual limit on intake (ALI) or 12 DAC-hours. Sievert is the SI unit of any of the quantities expressed as dose equivalent. For each period for which the licensee obtains reports, the licensee shall use the dose shown in the report in preparing the NRC Form 4. 27, 1995, as amended at 60 FR 25983, May 16, 1995; 68 FR 58802, Oct. 10, 2003; 73 FR 30457, May 28, 2008; 80 FR 74979, Dec. 1, 2015]. Determination of the levels which are ALARA must take into account consideration of any detriments, such as deaths from transportation accidents, expected to potentially result from decontamination and waste disposal. These records[5] must include, when applicable -. The Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) is the official legal print publication containing the codification of the general and permanent rules published in the Federal Register by the departments and agencies of the Federal Government. This includes those records of the results of measurements and calculations used to determine individual intakes of radioactive material and used in the assessment of internal dose required under the standards for protection against radiation in effect prior to January 1, 1994; and, (3) Records showing the results of air sampling, surveys, and bioassays required pursuant to 20.1703(c)(1) and (2). Stem cells in bone marrow are dying, although patient may appear and feel well. The Commission may impose restrictions in addition to the provisions of 20.1702, 20.1703, and Appendix A to Part 20, in order to: (a) Ensure that the respiratory protection program of the licensee is adequate to limit doses to individuals from intakes of airborne radioactive materials consistent with maintaining total effective dose equivalent ALARA; and. The primary cause of death is the destruction of the bone marrow, resulting in infection and hemorrhage. The criteria do not apply to uranium and thorium recovery facilities already subject to appendix A to 10 CFR part 40 or the uranium solution extraction facilities. Compliance with dose limits for individual members of the public. The determination of the deep-dose equivalent to an individual should be based upon measurements using instruments or individual monitoring devices. Committed effective dose equivalent (HE,50) is the sum of the products of the weighting factors applicable to each of the body organs or tissues that are irradiated and the committed dose equivalent to these organs or tissues (HE,50 = wT HT,50). the equivalent dose to the skin (averaged over 1 cm 2) 500 mSv in a year the equivalent dose to the hands and feet 500 mSv in a year The ICRP recommends that occupational exposure of pregnant women should fall into the limits similar to that of the public. Gusev IA , Guskova AK , Mettler FA Jr, editors. (e) Any licensee shipping byproduct material as defined in paragraphs (3) and (4) of the definition of Byproduct material set forth in 20.1003 intended for ultimate disposal at a land disposal facility licensed under part 61 of this chapter must document the information required on the NRC's Uniform Low-Level Radioactive Waste Manifest and transfer this recorded manifest information to the intended consignee in accordance with appendix G to this part. For tritium oxide vapor, approximately one-third of the intake occurs by absorption through the skin so that an overall protection factor of 3 is appropriate when atmosphere-supplying respirators are used to protect against tritium oxide. The most restrictive limit is to the lens of the eye, which has an annual limit of 150 mSv (15 rem). (1) Adults likely to receive, in 1 year from sources external to the body, a dose in excess of 10 percent of the limits in 20.1201(a). B. (d) The licensee has submitted a decommissioning plan or License Termination Plan (LTP) to the Commission indicating the licensee's intent to decommission in accordance with 30.36(d), 40.42(d), 50.82 (a) and (b), 70.38(d), or 72.54 of this chapter, and specifying that the licensee intends to decommission by restricting use of the site. (2) The release of radioactive material, inside or outside of a restricted area, so that, had an individual been present for 24 hours, the individual could have received an intake five times the annual limit on intake (the provisions of this paragraph do not apply to locations where personnel are not normally stationed during routine operations, such as hot-cells or process enclosures). 25, 1995]. 2. Conduct a quality assurance program to assure compliance with 61.55 and 61.56 of this chapter (the program must include management evaluation of audits); 4. 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