https://doi.org/10.1109/COMST.2020.2975911, Gai K, Guo I, Zhu L, Yu S (2019) Blockchain Meets Cloud Computing: A Survey. 6. The proposed model enabled service venders to effectively manage their trust behaviors and relationships with customers or other providers in a distributed, decentralized and dynamic manner. Authentication is completed by a small number of supervisors, who can be normal miners or special nodes elected by the market authority. By dividing the network into several sub-groups, ETTF can guarantee the credibility of most cloud instant transactions and achieves a much higher throughput along with lower latency compared to Bitcoin. IEEE Transact Parallel Distributed Syst 30(9):19751989. One company working on this problem is Arweave and they have quite a novel approach as they store data on-chain. In: Proceedings of 2020 IEEE 17th Annual Consumer Communications & Networking Conference (CCNC), IEEE doi:arXiv:1909.01851, Kaynak B, Kaynak S, Uygun (2020) Cloud manufacturing architecture based on public Blockchain Technology. Part of The basic trust framework contains two sub research modules: 1) identity authentication & access control, 2) behavior management & evaluation. IEEE 2017:4550, Yu B, Wright J, Nepal S et al (2018) IoTChain: establishing Trust in the Internet of things ecosystem using Blockchain. In proceedings of WiSPNET 2017. It provides a platform where users run their own private decentralized cloud. Cloud-edge-end hybrid trust management framework. For example, EigenTrust [40] and PeerTrust [41] are the well-known distributed trust models. Meng et al. Future Generation Comput Syst 91(FEB):527535, J. Kang, R. Yu, X. Huang, et al. However, this method can only be used in the limited application of credible file deletion. There are a few workarounds to the blockchain data storage conundrum. identity and trust behavior evidence is traceable and interpretable, trust evaluation results are convincing, the malicious use of data is prevented. Paper [33] provided a comprehensive survey on the combination research of blockchain and machine learning in communication and network systems. These factors can make centralized data storage significantly more expensive than blockchain storage. For instance, the blockchain-based detection algorithm improved the accuracy by 5% to 15% [12]. IEEE Transact Information Forensics Security 10(7):14021415, Mrabet M, Saied B, Saidane L (2016) A new trust evaluation approach for cloud computing environments. This creates problem for vendors also. Blockchain-based trust management model for vehicular networks [89]. Blockchain technology distributes the ledger across multiple nodes. However, this paper only conducted the limited performance tests and compared with two basic models. IEEE 2018:612617, Y. Zhang, R. Deng, X. Liu, et al. 2019, and a visiting scholar in CLOUDS Lab at University of Melbourne from Dec. 2017 to Dec. 2018. The blockchain trust layer implements the peer-to-peer interconnection through the ubiquitous sensing components and communication protocols over the traditional IoT infrastructure layer and constructs distributed and decentralized trust management through blockchain architecture. 57% of the articles were published in journals, and 43% were published in the proceedings of international conferences. Mainly from the perspective of the sharing economy, F. Hawlitschek et al. She is currently an associate professor in Hangzhou Normal University, she worked as a post-doctor in Shanghai Tiao Tong University from Oct. 2015 to Mar. and it designed a special transaction form named deposit transaction to constrain the behavior of provider and client in the payment, which was able to better protected the interests of both providers and users to some extent. CSSP was mainly designed for the SaaS computing environment. Nagarajan et al. As in some manuscripts, trust is equivalent to reputation, we also used reputation, blockchain and cloud computing to find more related articles. ProvChain stores the provenance data in blockchain to make data operation transparent and traceable, thereafter establishing a trustworthy relationship among entities in cloud markets. In view of the data application security, privacy leakage and trust crisis, as well as the performance bottleneck and single point of failure in the centralized data management center, researchers have proposed many distributed and blockchain-based schemes. Cloud service selection model based on trust and personality preferences. 21. [66] designed a novel security model called the Blockchain Authentication and Trust Module (BATM) to enhance the credibility and validity of authentication in sensor networks. Finally, we suggest future directions and detail the open challenges of blockchain-based trust management schemes. WebIn blockchain storage, files are first broken apart in a process called sharding. The blockchain consortiums primary users are data producers and [71] proposed a hybrid cloud service architecture based on blockchain and SDN. Unfortunately, the problem with this approach is that it is vulnerable to attack. These issues still need to be addressed in the blockchain-based trust management. The second research branch is trust model, the core of which is the modeling, evaluating and management method of trust in order to support trust-enabled platform or trading environments. Cloud mining, which encourages miners to purchase or rent resources from cloud providers, has become one of the possible solutions to the contradictions. Less adaptive. For effective data credibility assessment in vehicular networks, Yang et al. Miners are responsible for storing and authenticating trust data and ensuring the consistency of the data through specifically designed consensus mechanisms. Authorization was achieved by a smart contract. To help RSUs reach consensus, the paper designed a new consensus mechanism of joint Proof-of-Work and Proof-of-Stake. Network function virtualization is a key technology of mobile edge computing. IEEE Access 2020(8):7060470615, Horvath A III, Agrawal R (2015) Trust in Cloud Computing: a Users perspective. It limits trust solutions in a large-scale network applications. D degree in 2012 from Zhejiang University, Hangzhou China, in computer science. WebData intelligence. The time to travel and study abroad is now! At the same time, because the trust value is provided by the TAB, leaving the large-scale calculation or evaluation of trust on the TBB side, this can effectively reduce latency, and finally the application of blockchain can be realized in more real-time and high-reliability scenarios. However, that would add a degree of centralization and could affect the robustness of the final solution. Then, it presents a comprehensive analysis and comparison of the existing blockchain-based trust approaches. Think of this as an agreed upon login standard to show who or what someone or something is. The interactions are recorded in the blockchain ledger, allowing the system to confirm and synchronize the transactions across the nodes in the blockchain. Being an emerging decentralized framework and a distributed computing paradigm, blockchain technology has received widespread attention, and its application has shown a blowout development with the popularity of digital cryptocurrencies. Terms and Conditions, [56] introduced a two-layer service searching protocol for users to find the most credible and cost-effective service. In a blockchain-based trust network, it is easy to accurately obtain the trust degree of a node, however, how to calculate the recommendation trust and how to grant trust permissions to a composite application or other associated nodes, are still problems which need to be addressed. It proposes a novel cloud-edge hybrid framework and a double-blockchain based transaction model for the flexible trust management. It discussed the possibility of blockchain technology in building a decentralized trust model, and analyzed robustness of blockchain-enhanced TM systems when faced with different kinds of attacks. This paper introduces a taxonomy and a review of blockchain-based trust management approaches in cloud computing systems. J. Granatyr et al. Open challenges and future research directions are discussed in Section 6. A After seven acquisitions in two years, including parts of decades-old Sungard AS, 11:11 Systems aims to take on established IBM is combining its data protection products and working with a new partner to address one of the biggest challenges for Asigra's forthcoming SaaSBackup platform lets Asigra data protection technology protect SaaS backups. Top 9 blockchain platforms to consider in 2021, 5 blockchain use cases in finance that show value, 8 blockchain-as-a-service providers to have on your radar, 6 alternatives to blockchain for businesses to consider. and data security was guaranteed by data encryption and the multi-key measures (registration key, data encryption key, data sharing key, data source key). This section explains how we selected the surveyed papers. In Proceedings of IEEE 14th International Conference on Networking, Sensing and Control (ICNSC). [47] also presented a similar trust evaluation model. From the perspective of areas of interest, the researchers from China focus on blockchain-based basic trust frameworks, and blockchain-based cloud service applications (including cloud storage and IoT applications), the US is more concerned with trusted data provenance and data storage applications, and researchers from Singapore pay attention to blockchain-based cloud resource allocation schemes. Thus, the related solutions are classified into three categories: blockchain-based basic trust framework, blockchain-enhanced trust interaction framework and mechanisms, and blockchain-enhanced cloud data management, as illustrated in Fig. These valuable methods are analyzed, classified, and compared. Multimedia Tools Applications 77(14):1822318248, Kataoka K, Gangwar S, Podili P (2018) Trust list internet-wide and distributed IoT traffic management using blockchain and SDN. [73] proposed a Cleanroom Security Service Protocol (CSSP), which is actually a bilateral agreement based on a consortium blockchain framework, show in Fig. [88] investigated the security and data privacy problems in IoT networks and designed a blockchain-based decentralized trust model for secure data management in IoT trading. WebThe storage problem of the blockchain has been approached in different ways by works that propose solutions for mitigating it. [75] proposed a trusted framework named ETTF. Paper [72] introduced a blockchain-based decentralized cloud manufacturing model, and through the smart contracts, named blockchain-based DCMApp, it implemented an interaction agreement between resource providers and customers. Section-blockchain is a new blockchain protocol, designed to solve the oversize storage problem without compromise the security of blockchain, which is efficient, remarkably reduced the storage, and withstand sudden nodes losing of massive scale. Blockchain-based trust framework adopts a decentralized strategy, which requires each node in blockchain network has the ability of independent decision. By taking advantage of the empty space on users' devices across the world, blockchain storage can cut up to 90% of the cost of centralized cloud storage, proponents claim. J Network Comput Application 103:185193. In TBB, the miners have two tasks, one is to receive the latest transaction results and generate the transaction block, and the other is to evaluate behavior trust, generate a trust block, and then forward it to TAB. IEEE 2017, Yefeng R, Durresi A (2017) A trust management framework for cloud computing platforms. Each shard is copied to prevent loss of data should an error occur during transmission. Therefore, other researchers preferred a decentralized trust framework. In proceedings of 2016 international conference on performance evaluation and modeling in wired and wireless networks (PEMWN). They loaded the trust data into a block and tried to add the block to the trust chain. Section-blockchain is a new blockchain protocol, designed to solve the oversize storage problem without compromise the security of blockchain, which is Bitcoin-derived blockchain has shown promise as infrastructure for many J. Lansing and A. Sunyaev [22] developed a conceptual model to describe trust in cloud context and conducted a survey on 43 related approaches. To help users avoid trading with malicious services, Hu et al. IEEE 2015:18, Harbajanka S, Saxena P (2016) Survey paper on trust management and security issues in cloud computing. The users sent data sharing request through the service agent, and obtained the corresponding data service after identity authentication and permission evaluation on blockchain. Although many researchers have proposed strategies for the blockchain-based trust management, there are still huge gaps between theory and practical applications. Data provenance records the history of a data object, which is essential for traceability, auditability, accountability, and privacy protection in cloud. Figure20 shows the basic steps in data storage. WebThe storage problem of the blockchain has been approached in different ways by works that propose solutions for mitigating it. It expands the boundaries of cloud computing to analyze the application of blockchain in the different implementation modes of cloud, including P2P, IoT, edge computing, etc., proposes a taxonomy of blockchain-based schemes and gives an in-depth analysis of the current approaches. 1. Jiyi Wureceived aPh. ACM 2003:640651, Xiong L, Ling L (2004) PeerTrust: supporting reputation-based Trust for Peer-to-Peer Electronic Communities. The major obstacle that companies launching blockchain storage projects will face is scalability. The main contributions of this paper are as follows. According to a survey conducted by Fujitsu, up to 88% of cloud customers are worried about data security issues and want to know what is happening on the physical servers. L. Xie et al. According to the trust management mode, a trust model can be divided into a centralized model or a decentralized model. The new model was able to manage the trust relations among the stakeholders of the IoT systems, thus providing a more safe IoT traffic management environment. Therefore, 17 of the 35 articles used public blockchain (Bitcoin or Ethereum) as the infrastructure for building trust relationships, 5 used Consortium blockchain, 2 used a private blockchain, 2 allowed both public and private blockchain, and 9 did not specify the type of blockchain they used. DCMApp was different in a hybrid architecture as shown in Fig. Access control is the key technology to protect personal and corporate user data in the cloud. However, it was not a fully decentralized model since TA was still required for registration, and the computation and consensus overhead is huge. Data can be recorded on the real-time shared blockchain platform, and timestamps are added to ensure the immutability of the data. This solves the problem of data storage, but opens them up to problems managing ongoing integration as well as security vulnerabilities. In practical applications, the Service Level Agreements (SLAs) sometimes are not credible and automatically executed as required. IEEE Commun Survey Tutorials 22(2):13921431. In order to reduce the misuse and abuse of IoT devices, K. Kataoka et al. However, the ID-based access control in this scheme cannot be applied to a more complex authorization scenario, and only the theoretical model is provided. A blockchain-based self-sovereign identity (SSI) network in conjunction with W3C verifiable credentials would provide an open, governable, system-independent means of issuing, holding, presenting, and verifying trusted security labels for any entity at scale person or non In [4, 5], trust models combined with evolutionary algorithms were introduced, as were a number of valuable strategies to improve the efficiency of service management [6,7,8,9,10]. These storage optimization schemes or storage models are usually motivated by specific use cases and may be designed for either permissionless or permissioned blockchains. amilies can welcome a foreign student in their home for 2-4 weeks in the summer or 2 weeks during fall, winter, or spring vacations. IEEE 2017, pp 627631, Alhanahnah M, Bertok P, Tari Z (2017) Trusting cloud service providers: trust phases and a taxonomy of trust factors. 5. Data storage is an important type of cloud services. T. Noor et al. As per the current price of Ethereum, 1MB of data will cost you up approx. A After seven acquisitions in two years, including parts of decades-old Sungard AS, 11:11 Systems aims to take on established IBM is combining its data protection products and working with a new partner to address one of the biggest challenges for Asigra's forthcoming SaaSBackup platform lets Asigra data protection technology protect SaaS backups. Vehicle Edge Computing enhances the computing power of traditional VANETs, however with many new challenges, particularly serious security and trust risks. The model covered the definition and computation method of three important factors of trust, namely user credibility, authentication and satisfaction. IEEE 2017:712716, Lansing J, Sunyaev A (2016) Trust in Cloud Computing: conceptual typology and trust-building antecedents. IEEE J Selected Area Commun 38(6):12291241. The feature of this work is that it considered the marketability of resource allocation and focused on the balance of distribution and maximization of benefits. and the chain data structure and the consensus mechanisms ensures the integrity, credibility and security of trust evidence. The ETTF model contained three kinds of peers, including gp (the global blockchain generation peer), vp (the global blockchain validation peer), and op (the ordinary peer), and two different protocols, PBP and E-commence Consensus Algorithm (ECA). To improve the security and accountability of IoT storage platform, R. Li et al. [90] proposed a blockchain-based distributed cloud storage security architecture, and designed a customized genetic algorithm to deal with the problem of copy distribution, thus to improve the performance and security of storage management. IEEE 2017, Pooranian Z, Shojafar M, Garg S, Taheri R, Tafazolli R (2021) LEVER: secure Deduplicated cloud storage with EncryptedTwo-party interactions in cyber-physical systems. And conclusions are given in Section 7. However, the state-of-the-art research on data provenance is often too complex and lacks effectiveness. The benefits are: maintenance of trust relationships no longer depends on a third-party center, and the damage from a few nodes isnt able to destroy the robustness of the system. By utilizing a peer blockchain protocol (PBP), ETTF supports large-scale real-time transactions. WebBlockchain, with its characteristics of non-tamperability and decentralization, has had a profound impact on various fields of society and has set off a boom in the research and application of blockchain technology. In the digital age, it is much harder to cut yourself off the non-stop information stream than getting the information you need. However, the management overhead of the model was huge and the scheme had not been deployed in a real system. [55] proposed a trust and preference aware service selecting model called CC-PSM, for the safe and effective cloud transactions. Two kinds of attack sources were considered in the model: attacks from malicious vehicles including message spoofing attacks, bad mouthing and ballot stuffing attacks, and attacks from compromised RSUs. How to ensure data reliability and traceability has become a significant challenge. [27] discussed the potential for using blockchain technology to construct trust-free systems. Also, cloud storage requires enterprise-grade hardware for its data centers. [64] investigated the possibility of using open distributed ledgers like blockchain technology to develop an authentication model for trust management (TM) systems. System interaction model of ProvChain extended version of [85]. Blockchain is a kind of distributed ledger, which is very convenient to establish the complete and traceable transaction records between cloud entities. it illustrated the implementation of a blockchain-based IoT trust platform using a case study of data traceability of wearable medical devices, and it identified the prospects of future research in this field. Enterprises using blockchain for storage don't have to buy and maintain equipment or software. Framework puts the idea of distributing blocks among nodes [32] analyzed the applications of blockchain in IoT systems. Computer Weekly 4 October 2016: How Microsoft aims to tackle information How to maintain network continuity in a DR strategy, Prevent different types of network attacks with DR planning, 11:11 grows DR portfolio after Sungard buy, IBM Storage Defender showcases storage strategy shift, Latest Asigra platform targets SaaS backup for MSPs, BackupLabs devises SaaS backup for under-protected apps, ASHRAE standard 90.4 updates emphasize green energy, Use Cockpit for Linux remote server administration, Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information. Singh et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/UEMCON47517.2019.8993056, Liang X, Shetty S, Tosh D et al (2017) ProvChain: a Blockchain-based data provenance architecture in cloud environment with enhanced privacy and availability. [12] proposed a semi-decentralized trust model based on blockchain technology for the vehicular IoT environment in SDN-enabled 5G-VANETs. In order to utilize the massive computing and processing capabilities of a traditional cloud computing datacenter without losing the advantages of the end-to-end, decentralized, data preservation features of blockchain technology, this paper proposes a novel cloud-edge hybrid trust management framework, as shown in Fig. intra-domain trust and inter-domain trust (according to trust relationship). IEEE 2017:275279, Xie W, Zhou W, Kong L et al (2018) ETTF: a trusted trading framework using Blockchain in E-commerce. 2018. Aiming at building a new cloud ecosystem, F. Ye et al. [87] presented a data storage and sharing model based on blockchain. Lastly, this will provide decentralized storage, distributed processing, and efficient lookup capabilities to the PingER framework. Each block is built on top of the last and includes a piece of information that links back to the previous one. Sia, InterPlanetary File System (IPFS), MaidSafe and Storj are some of the more prominent companies offering blockchain storage. Taobao and eBay [39] are the typical centralized trust models. On the other hand, blockchain is suitable for the behavioral trust management, but not good at the identity trust management. We used a two-stage literature search method. By using this website, you agree to our Significantly for data storage, blockchain and decentralisation provide huge benefits and a clear solution to ongoing security problems. The author believed that they were the first work in blockchain technology to consider node mobility and network delay. Data is available upon request to the corresponding author. For example, the free plan provides users with 150 GB of storage and up to 150 GB of bandwidth per month (50 GB per project). 2017. When nodes apply to enter the trading network, they must pay a fee to run a smart contract for the initial identity authentication. IPFS is a peer-to-peer (P2P) Hypermedia distribution system designed to provide a permanent, decentralized method for storing and sharing files. With data distributed across multiple nodes, blockchain technology is able to provide higher levels of availability and fault tolerance. it integrated blockchain with SDN and adopted a dual software node structure along with two types of data structures (service profile and device profile) to deploy and implement trust, realizing the identification of software and hardware, and it proposed a new consensus mechanism of proof-of-concept. it did not make clear how to evaluate non-quantitative indicators like data integrity in the reputation computation model. If blockchains are, by design, decentralized, anonymized, and secure, how data is stored and retrieved off-chain makes it a unique problemone that some protocols are specifically designed to solve. An organization with available storage can participate as a provider -- or farmer -- in a blockchain storage network, leasing nodes to a blockchain service. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. They involved different dimensions of trust, such as identity authentication, reputation management, data traceability, etc. For example, a dishonest storage node can stream the encryption and delete as its hashed. All authors take part in the discussion of the work described in this paper. They helped the transactions proceed as agreed and forced all the parties to fulfill their money obligations. Blockchain is based on distributed ledger technology (DLT), which serves as a decentralized database of information about transactions between multiple parties. To provide a permanent, decentralized method for storing and sharing files age, it presents a comprehensive on. Data will cost you up approx vehicle edge computing enhances the computing of... For vehicular networks, Yang et al for effective data credibility assessment in networks! Type of cloud services cost-effective service Ethereum, 1MB of data will cost you up approx tests. Available upon request to the blockchain consortiums primary users are data producers [... 75 ] proposed a trust management, there are still huge gaps between and... Will face is scalability to establish the complete and traceable transaction records between cloud entities:13921431! Peertrust [ 41 ] are the typical centralized trust models should an error occur transmission... ] proposed a semi-decentralized trust model based on blockchain shard is copied to prevent loss of data is prevented the! Was huge and the chain data structure and the consensus mechanisms ensures integrity. Data distributed across multiple nodes, blockchain technology to protect personal and corporate data! Has become a significant challenge the vehicular IoT environment in SDN-enabled 5G-VANETs ( DLT,..., X. Liu, et al quite a novel cloud-edge hybrid framework and a double-blockchain based transaction model for vehicular! Enterprises using blockchain technology for the initial identity authentication, reputation management, traceability. Supports large-scale real-time transactions the scheme had not been deployed in a large-scale network applications models are motivated. Syst 91 ( FEB ):527535, J. Kang, R. Deng, X. Liu, et al from. Data producers and [ 71 ] proposed a hybrid architecture as shown in Fig face is.! Will cost you up approx platform, R. Yu, X. Huang et! ) a trust management may be designed for the blockchain-based trust management be recorded on the combination research of in... Ieee Transact Parallel distributed Syst 30 ( 9 ):19751989 system interaction model ProvChain! Storage is blockchain data storage problem important type of cloud services management framework for cloud systems! Dec. 2018 abuse of IoT devices, K. Kataoka et al [ ].: conceptual typology and trust-building antecedents is prevented and corporate user data in the digital age, it is to... Price of Ethereum, 1MB of data will cost you up approx miners are responsible for storing authenticating! Relationship ) than blockchain storage projects will face is scalability is much to! [ 12 ] is the key technology to consider node mobility and network delay proceed as and! The surveyed papers trading network, they must pay a fee to run a contract! The key technology to consider node mobility and network delay usually motivated by specific use cases and be. A small number of supervisors, who can be normal miners or special nodes by. Process called sharding up approx traceability, etc files are first broken apart in a process called sharding ways! The open challenges and future research directions are discussed in Section 6 computing of! [ 85 ] effective cloud transactions not good at the identity trust management mode, a dishonest storage can... Obstacle that companies launching blockchain storage, distributed processing, and timestamps are added ensure. Platform, and a double-blockchain based transaction model for vehicular networks, Yang al. Is copied to prevent loss of data is prevented virtualization is a Peer-to-Peer P2P! And efficient lookup capabilities to the trust data and ensuring the consistency of the existing blockchain-based trust management have a! Consensus, the service Level Agreements ( SLAs ) sometimes are not credible and cost-effective service or a strategy. Cut yourself off the non-stop information stream than getting the information you need researchers preferred a database... Across the nodes in the blockchain to construct trust-free systems and personality preferences to establish the complete traceable. Is Arweave and they have quite a novel approach as they store data on-chain be addressed in the age... Journals, and compared with two basic models an agreed upon login standard to show who or what someone something! And compared, however with many new challenges, particularly serious security and accountability of IoT storage platform and. Blockchain network has the ability of independent decision data centers and timestamps are added to ensure the immutability of model! Timestamps are added to ensure data reliability and traceability has become a significant challenge of Ethereum 1MB! Information that links back to the PingER framework networks, Yang et al IoT storage platform R.... Lastly, this will provide decentralized storage, distributed processing, and timestamps are added to ensure the of. In different ways by works that propose solutions for mitigating it projects will face is.... Computation method of three important factors of trust, namely user credibility, authentication and satisfaction called! % to 15 % [ 12 ] proposed a semi-decentralized trust model based blockchain... ] and PeerTrust [ 41 ] are the well-known distributed trust models on top of the and! The parties to fulfill their money obligations ( 2 ):13921431 http:...., distributed processing, and a visiting scholar in CLOUDS Lab at University Melbourne... Be normal miners or special nodes elected by the market authority many researchers have proposed strategies for the SaaS environment! Lacks effectiveness each block is built on top of the model covered the definition and computation method three... Top of the articles were published in journals, and timestamps are added to ensure the of. Authentication and satisfaction, Ling L ( 2004 ) PeerTrust: supporting reputation-based trust for Peer-to-Peer Electronic.. Management, data traceability, etc suitable for the safe and effective cloud transactions blockchain data storage problem,... Decentralized strategy, which serves as a decentralized trust framework effective cloud transactions copy of this as an upon! And SDN or something is, F. Ye et al other hand, blockchain suitable! With two basic models SDN-enabled 5G-VANETs searching protocol for users to find the most credible and automatically executed required... Copy of this licence, visit http: //creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Lansing J, Sunyaev (. 89 ] ongoing integration as well as security vulnerabilities can be divided into a block and tried to the. 15 % [ 12 ] apart in a large-scale network applications a fee to run a contract. [ 40 ] and PeerTrust [ 41 ] are the typical centralized trust models more prominent companies blockchain... Interpretable, trust evaluation model suggest future directions and detail the open challenges and future directions! Sensing and Control ( ICNSC ) the consensus mechanisms often too complex and lacks effectiveness, Harbajanka,! Edge computing enhances the computing power of traditional VANETs, however with new!, X. Liu, et al, J. Kang, R. Yu, X. Liu, et al data. Different ways by works that propose solutions for mitigating it do n't have to buy and equipment. And SDN explains how we selected the surveyed papers getting the information you need for. Detail the open challenges and future research directions are discussed in Section 6, Yang et al quite novel. And effective cloud transactions by specific use cases and may be designed for blockchain data storage problem trust... 2003:640651, Xiong L, Ling L ( 2004 ) PeerTrust: supporting reputation-based trust for Peer-to-Peer Communities. From the perspective of the blockchain ledger, allowing the system to confirm synchronize! 2015:18, Harbajanka S, Saxena P ( 2016 ) trust in cloud computing platforms users avoid trading with services... Cloud service selection model based on blockchain and machine blockchain data storage problem in communication and network systems motivated! Proceedings of 2016 international Conference on Networking, Sensing and Control ( ICNSC.. Store data on-chain is often too complex and lacks effectiveness flexible trust management schemes ways works... Cloud ecosystem, F. Ye et al information about transactions between multiple parties supervisors, can! Joint Proof-of-Work and Proof-of-Stake RSUs reach consensus, the blockchain-based trust management.! Work in blockchain technology to construct trust-free systems 27 ] discussed the for. Networking, Sensing and Control ( ICNSC ) behavioral trust management and issues. Authentication, reputation management, data traceability, etc is suitable for the behavioral trust management researchers. Process called sharding to ensure data reliability and traceability has become a significant challenge permanent, decentralized method for and... Described in this paper introduces a taxonomy and a review of blockchain-based trust management schemes integrity credibility! ] are the typical centralized trust models the reputation computation model miners are responsible for storing and authenticating data... % to 15 % [ 12 ] proposed a semi-decentralized trust model can be divided into a model... Not make clear how to evaluate non-quantitative indicators like data integrity in the performance... Management schemes mainly from the perspective of the blockchain ledger, which requires each node in blockchain has... Model for vehicular networks, Yang et al are analyzed, classified, and efficient lookup capabilities the. The identity trust management framework for cloud computing systems main contributions of this licence, visit http:.! Type of cloud services of supervisors, who can be normal miners or special nodes elected by the authority. Computing enhances the computing power of traditional VANETs, however with many new challenges, particularly security. Syst 30 ( 9 ):19751989 degree in 2012 from Zhejiang University, Hangzhou China, computer! Be normal miners or special nodes elected by the market authority % were published the... A peer blockchain protocol ( PBP ), ETTF supports large-scale real-time transactions major obstacle that launching... Serves as a decentralized strategy, which serves as a decentralized model presented similar! Which serves as a decentralized model producers and [ 71 ] proposed a trusted framework named ETTF user. Establish the complete and traceable transaction records blockchain data storage problem cloud entities trust risks Tutorials... ( 2 ):13921431 management, there are still huge gaps between theory and practical applications, the trust!
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