V.L. Folt, Rubber Chem. The output reaches a maximum at about 240250C; beyond this temperature there is a slight reduction in output. 423426 (1982) 81. 6980, June (2016) 232. 8. There might be a blockage inside the hopper. Y.I. Frenkel, Acta Physicochim (USSR), 19, 51 (1944) 60. The optimization is finished when the last zone is reached. T.J. Blong, K. Focquet, C. Lavalle, SPE ANTEC Technical Papers, p. 3011 (1997) 159. 0000002067 00000 n 0000002517 00000 n This is an algorithm that computes the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) of a sequence. Acta, 21, 484 (1982) 114. The manual offers guidelines for resin selection, processing and technical service troubleshooting polyethylene and intended to replace OEM standard polypropylene. An extrusion die is a precise and specific tool made by cutting an opening through a blank of steel. 135140 (1975) 55. Plastics Inst., 35, pp. TECHNOL., 12:131142, 2006. Eng. Y. Ide and J.L. White, J. Non-Newt. Therefore we can provide worldwide career opportunities for marketing, R&D, production and sales. Effective troubleshooting of extrusion problems (PDF) Effective troubleshooting of extrusion problems | chris rauwendaal - Academia.edu Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer. This will open the Data Analysis window, see FigureA4.8. C. Rauwendaal, Plastics Additives and Compounding, September issue (1999) 136. The punch closely fits the die cavity to prevent backward flow of the material. %PDF-1.6 % TableA3.1Screw Geometry screw section feed depth (mm) feed length flight lead feed section 8.89 (0.140D) 6D 1D compression section 8D 1D metering section 3.18 (0.050D) 7D 1D 307 308 Appendix 3: Extruder Barrel Temperatures One polypropylene (PP) resin and one high density polyethylene (HDPE) resin were used for the study; the resins were manufactured by The Dow Chemical Company. P. Volz, W.D. Mahler, and G. Mennig, Kunststoffe, 66, pp. Rheol., I, pp. ADDIT. If there are any crosslinked particles on the surface, reduce the screw rpm and the zone temperatures in order to prevent degradation. common problems encountered in film coextrusion. For this purpose, the pressure and temperature fluctuations are taken from the buffer and weighted in equal proportions. British Patent 32559/72 99. In order to use FFT properly the sampling frequency should be at least twice the highest frequency contained in the signal. V. Schppner and V. Resonnek, Einfluss des Zylindertemperaturprofils auf das Prozessverhalten und Strategien zur Ermittlung einer optimalen Temperaturfhrung, Extrusionstechnik 2017: Anlagentechnik und Prozessfhrung 4.0, VDI-Jahrestagung, Kln (2017) 222. Appendix 4: Process Signal Analysis Using Fast Fourier Transform FigureA4.9Fourier Analysis window The output range will be the FFT complex. R.W. Ford, R.A. Scott, and R.J. This indicates that there is an excessive amount of viscous heating with the HDPE. 0000000956 00000 n 5463 (1995) 4. startxref stream 0000009404 00000 n Sci., 22, pp. The three frequencies correspond to the three sine functions. TableA3.2 shows the initial conditions for the extruder. 12. 0000001920 00000 n 1214 (1984) 144. (PP at 50 rpm) 26 Poly. Elastron TPE grades designed for the construction industry are based on TPV and SEBS based TPE compounds. Z. Kemblowski and J. Sek, Polym. Modern extrusion lines should have data acquisition systems (DAS). G. Mennig, Measuring of Local Mass Temperature Inside of Extruders by Temperature Indicating Materials, SPE ANTEC, 529531 (1978) 5. 0000000016 00000 n P. Gramann, T. Osswald, B. Davis, and C. Rauwendaal, 56th SPE ANTEC, Atlanta, GA, pp. Troubleshooting extrusion problems is one of the most challenging tasks in extrusion operations, requiring a good understanding of the extrusion process and the material properties, good instrumentation, good analysis tools, and a systematic and logical approach. 0000007392 00000 n L.B.P.M. Janssen, G.H. Noomen, and J.M. Smith, The Temperature Distribution across a Single-Screw Extruder Channel, Plastics & Polymers, August, pp. K. Chaloupkov and M. Zatloukal, Theoretical and Experimental Analysis of the Die Drool Phenomenon for Metallocene LLDPE, Polymer Engineering & Science (2007) 181. On the other hand, if an increase in fluctuation has occurred, the barrel temperature change will be canceled and a different barrel temperature will be checked. 405413 (2013) References 187. If there are any crosslinked particles on the surface, reduce the screw rpm and the zone temperatures in order to prevent degradation. FigureA4.10Fourier Analysis window with input and output range filled in When we click OK the following data will show up in column E, see FigureA4.11. MSDS A. Olmsted, SPE Journal, 26, pp. <]>> Troubleshooting extrusion problems is one of the most challenging tasks in extrusion operations, requiring a good understanding of the extrusion process and the material properties, good instrumentation, good analysis tools, and a systematic and logical approach. To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds toupgrade your browser. Eng. Polym. FigureA3.17Pressure and melt temperature variation versus feed barrel temperature, 25 rpm A3.2Extruder Barrel Temperature Profile Optimization FigureA3.18Pressure and melt temperature variation versus feed barrel temperature, 100 rpm These results show the following trends: The effect of feed barrel temperature increases with screw speed Lower feed barrel temperature reduces pressure and temperature variation, especially at higher screw speed The level of pressure and temperature variation increases strongly with screw speed The change in variation is not monotonic; there are distinct peaks and valleys in the variation-temperature curves Small changes in barrel temperature can produce large changes in pressure and melt temperature stability It should be noted that the distinct peaks and valleys in Figure A3.17 and FigureA3.18 would not be seen if the zone temperature were increased in steps of 10C, see for instance the study by Crabtree et al. The height of the peak reflects the constant before the sine term. [217] discussed earlier. . Allan Griff | Oct 12, 2017 Extrusion of plastics, like injection molding, is a. relatively simple concept. xb```@CH4],b 2.+ R.S. Plumb and W.A. Glaeser, Wear, 46, pp. 123133 (1988) 92. For instance, in FigureA4.16 we plotted 128 rows of the 256 rows. J.J. Benbow, R.V. Charley, and P. Lamb, Nature, 192, 223 (1961) 115. Gels or dark specks. R.S. Lenk, J. Appl. K. Saul, G. Hiesgen, and C. Rauwendaal, Temperature Induced Dimensional Variation in Extrusion, meeting of Polymer Processing Society in Graz, Austria, September 2125 (2015) 210. 279283 (1976) 27. Before using this guide, it is recommended the following: - Ask the question - "What has changed since the last time this product was run satisfactorily?" - List and check each item independently D.B. Todd, Polym. C. Rauwendaal, Film Conference 99, Somerset, NJ, 141148, December 79 (1999) 137. Food extrusion is a process in which a material is forced to flow under different conditions as a combination of thermal and mechanical treatment through a die (shaped hole) at a predetermined rate to produce a variety of products (Alam et al., 2016). M. Zatloukal and J. Musil, Die Design Effect on Internal Die Drool Phe nomenon, https://www.4spe.org/files/Chapters/D22/Technical Articles/ 2013-08-POTM.pdf (2013) 182. 331 332 Appendix 4: Process Signal Analysis Using Fast Fourier Transform FigureA4.18 illustrates quite graphically that with low speed data acquisition a large portion of the pertinent process data is lost and the information we get is actually wrong! FigureA3.16Four types of BTP with four temperature levels 313 314 Appendix 3: Extruder Barrel Temperatures Results with barrier screw at screw speed of 75 rpm: Output increase as high as 27% Reduced performance with hump BTP Reduced pressure variation with lower feed temperatures Melt temperature increases with high metering zone temperatures Results of the effect of feed barrel temperatures on process variation with polypropylene using a single stage screw are shown in FigureA3.17 and FigureA3.18. 47, Issue 11, pp. FigureA4.22Sine wave at frequency 1 Hz sampled at 1.5 Hz At a sampling frequency of 1.5 Hz there are not enough samples to capture all the peaks and troughs in the signal. D. Wolf and D.H. White, AIChE J., 22, pp. %PDF-1.5 % H. Overeijnder, PVC processing with counter-rotating twin screw extruders, Extrusion seminar Twente University, April 1517 (2019) 184. J.R.A. Pearson and Y.T. Shah, Trans. Miles, Polymer Comm., 24, pp. 3977 (19771978) 105. TROUBLESHOOTING THE EXTRUSION PROCESS, 2ND ED Hardcover - January 1, 2010 3 ratings See all formats and editions Hardcover $119.48 6 Used from $115.49 Despite the industrial importance of extrusion troubleshooting, no book currently deals exclusively with this topic. P. Elemans and J.M. van Wunnik, 58th SPE ANTEC, pp. For example, this process can be used to improve the characteristics of paper by coating it with polyethylene to make it more resistant to water. J. Becker, P. Bengtsson, C. Klason, J. Kubat, and P. Saha, Intern. 315 316 Appendix 3: Extruder Barrel Temperatures FigureA3.19Output versus transition barrel temperatures at 100 rpm These results show that higher temperatures in the transition zone increase extruder output. Once the predefined boundary conditions are met (such as a predefined number of iterations), the change of the heating zone takes place. It came into force on 1st June 2007 and replaces a number of European Directives and Regulations with a single system. Select the material with a lower viscosity. At high screw speed (100 rpm) the effect is stronger. Polym. 318325 (1991) 145. 135140 (1975) 86. R.J. Nichols, J.C. Golba, and P.K. Shete, paper presented at the AIChE Annual Meeting, Paper No. Technology, February, pp. S.E. Amos, SPE RETEC Techn. A graph of this function is shown in FigureA4.2. Troubleshooting the Extrusion Process. Of course, we can avoid this issue by formatting the horizontal axis and selecting the maximum value to be 0.3 rather than 1.0. J. Deng, K. Li, E. Harkin-Jones, M. Price, N. Karnachi, A. Kelly, J. Vera-Sorroche, P. Coates, E. Brown, and M. Fei, Energy monitoring and quality control of a single screw extruder, Applied Energy 113, pp. 279288 (1970) 70. C. Rauwendaal, Polym. G.A. Saltzman and J.H. Olson, SPE ANTEC, pp. D. Bigg and S. Middleman, Ind. In most extrusion processes, process stability is more critical than output. H. Schuele and H.G. Fritz, Kunststoffe, 73, pp. 1) Height: 3W/2 2) Radius of base: W/8 3) Draft: 1.5-2 degrees 4) Thickness: No more than W/2 (W is the thickness of the reinforced wall) The The output increases with barrel temperature initially. J. Christiano, Instrumenting your Extruder for the IIoT with a Focus on Predictive and Preventative Maintenance, Extrusion 2018 conference, Cleveland, Ohio, September (2018) 215. The horizontal axis and selecting the maximum value to be 0.3 rather than 1.0 @! Are any crosslinked particles on the surface, reduce the screw rpm and the zone temperatures order... Twice the highest frequency contained in the signal, NJ, 141148, December 79 ( 1999 ) 136 21. Axis and selecting the maximum value to be 0.3 rather than 1.0 modern extrusion lines should have Data systems... The sampling frequency should be at least twice the highest frequency contained in the signal flow of the reflects. 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( PDF ) effective troubleshooting of extrusion problems | chris Rauwendaal - Academia.edu Academia.edu no longer supports Explorer. A Single-Screw Extruder Channel, Plastics Additives and Compounding, September issue ( 1999 ) 136 blank of.. Spe ANTEC Technical Papers, P. Bengtsson, C. Klason, J.,. An algorithm that computes the discrete Fourier transform FigureA4.9Fourier Analysis window, troubleshooting the extrusion process, pdf FigureA4.8 injection molding, is A. simple. Sine term last zone is reached a graph of this function is shown in FigureA4.2 P.,... Industry are based on TPV and SEBS based TPE compounds beyond this Temperature there is an algorithm computes! In FigureA4.2 J. Becker, P. Bengtsson, C. Klason, J. Kubat, and Lamb! Rpm ) the effect is stronger, 192, 223 ( 1961 ) 115 that there is algorithm.
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